Hearing that a child has cancer is one of the hardest moments for any parent. Wilms tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer that mostly affects young children. The good news is that most children can recover and live normal lives. This happens when they get an early diagnosis and the right treatment.
This blog discusses Wilms tumor. It includes causes, warning signs, treatment options, and recovery expectations. If you are a parent or caregiver, knowing these details can help you take the right steps if needed.
1. What is Wilms Tumor?
Wilms tumor is a cancerous growth that starts in the kidneys. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children, usually affecting kids between 2 and 5 years old. In most cases, only one kidney is affected, but in some rare instances, both kidneys may have tumors.
Doctors and researchers believe Wilms tumor develops when kidney cells grow abnormally due to genetic changes. Wilms tumor is different from adult kidney cancer. It affects children whose kidneys are still developing.
2. Causes & Risk Factors of Wilms Tumor
The exact cause of Wilms tumor is not fully understood, but scientists believe that certain genetic changes may play a role. Some children inherit these changes, while others develop them by chance.
Risk Factors:
- Family History: Children with a family member who had Wilms tumor may have a higher risk.
- Birth Defects & Genetic Syndromes: Some conditions increase the chances of Wilms tumor, including:
- WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary anomalies, and Retardation)
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (causes larger body parts at birth)
- Denys-Drash syndrome (affects kidney development)
- Certain Physical Features: Some children born with abnormalities in their urinary or reproductive systems are at higher risk.
3. Symptoms of Wilms Tumor in Children
Wilms tumor often grows without causing pain, making it difficult to notice in the early stages. However, as it gets bigger, parents may observe:
- Swelling or lump in the belly – This is often the first sign. Parents might feel a firm mass while bathing or dressing their child.
- Blood in urine – The urine may look pink, red, or brown.
- Fever that doesn’t go away – Some children develop a fever with no clear reason.
- Loss of appetite and weight loss – Children may refuse food or eat less than usual.
- High blood pressure – The tumor can affect kidney function, leading to increased blood pressure.
- Nausea and vomiting – This can happen if the tumor presses on nearby organs.
4. When to See a Doctor?
If you notice a lump in your child’s belly, changes in their urine, or any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment.
5. Diagnosis: How Wilms Tumor is Detected?
Doctors use different tests to confirm Wilms tumor. These include:
- Physical Examination & Medical History: The doctor will check for lumps and ask about symptoms.
- Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and detect any masses.
- CT Scan or MRI: These scans give detailed pictures of the kidneys to determine the size and spread of the tumor.
- Blood & Urine Tests: These help check kidney function and overall health.
- Biopsy (in some cases): A small sample of tissue may be taken to confirm if the lump is cancerous.
6. Wilms Tumor Prognosis: Survival Rate & Outcomes
The outlook for Wilms tumor is usually positive, especially when diagnosed early.
Survival Rate Based on Stages:
- Stage 1 & 2: Over 90% of children recover fully with treatment.
- Stage 3 & 4: The survival rate is slightly lower but still above 75-85%, depending on the response to treatment.
- Stage 5 (both kidneys affected): Treatment is more challenging, but many children still recover.
The chances of recovery depend on the tumor size, whether it has spread, and how well the body responds to treatment.
7. Treatment Options for Wilms Tumor
Wilms tumor treatment depends on the child’s age, the tumor stage, and whether it has spread. Most children receive a combination of:
1. Surgery
Doctors usually remove the affected kidney (nephrectomy). If only part of the kidney is involved, a partial nephrectomy may be done. In cases where both kidneys are affected, efforts are made to save as much kidney function as possible.
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses medicines to shrink and destroy cancer cells. Some children receive chemotherapy before surgery to make tumor removal easier. Others need it after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is used for children with more advanced Wilms tumors, especially if the cancer has spread beyond the kidney. This treatment targets cancer cells using high-energy rays.
4. Clinical Trials & New Treatments
Ongoing research is helping doctors find new ways to treat Wilms tumor. Parents may be offered clinical trial options in certain cases.
8. Life After Wilms Tumor: Recovery & Follow-Up Care
Most children recover well after treatment. However, regular follow-ups are important to ensure the tumor does not return.
Post-Treatment Care Includes:
- Regular check-ups and scans to monitor health.
- Watching for long-term side effects of chemotherapy or radiation.
- Helping children return to normal activities and school life.
Parents should also encourage a healthy diet and lifestyle to support their child’s recovery.
When to Consult a Pediatric Urologist?
If you notice unusual symptoms in your child, such as a swollen belly, blood in urine, or frequent infections, it is best to see a pediatric urologist. Early diagnosis can make a big difference in treatment success.
Dr. Shalil Patil – Pediatric Urologist in Virar
Dr. Shalil Patil is experienced in treating children with kidney-related conditions, including Wilms tumor. He provides guidance to families on the best treatment approach for their child’s needs. If you are concerned about your child’s kidney health, you can schedule a consultation with Dr. Shalil Patil in Virar.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is Wilms tumor hereditary?
In some cases, Wilms tumor runs in families, but most cases occur randomly.
2. At what age is Wilms tumor most common?
Wilms tumor mostly affects children between the ages of 2 and 5 years, but it can occur in infants and older children as well.
3. What should parents do if they notice a lump in their child’s belly?
If you feel a firm lump or swelling in your child’s abdomen, consult a doctor immediately. Avoid pressing on it too much, as this may cause complications.
Take Action for Your Child’s Health
If you suspect any symptoms of Wilms tumor in your child, do not wait. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes. For a consultation, you can visit Dr. Shalil Patil, Pediatric Urologist in Vasai .
